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How do people travel into space? People first started traveling into space in the 1960s. They traveled in space rockets and later space shuttles. Earth’s gravity pulls things down, so a space rocket needs to be powerful enough to escape gravity. Capsule The Soyuz capsule protects astronauts from the sun’s rays and from heat that is made when the rocket passes quickly through the Earth’s atmosphe..

What is space made from? Space is mostly a vast, silent, empty space. It looks dark because of huge gaps between objects that give off light, such as stars. Space is expanding all the time. We don’t know where it ends or if it even has an end. If you could drive a car straight up in the air, it would take about an hour to reach space. Galaxies Groups of billions of stars are called galaxies. Gal..

Can we live on other planets? A planet needs the perfect ingredients and conditions for life to survive. Ingredients include liquid water, oxygen gas, and food. Conditions include the right temperature, protection from harmful rays, and the right amount of gravity. An atmosphere is a layer of gases around a planet. Mercury: Hot and cold Mercury is too hot for life on the side that faces the sun ..

Where does the moon go? The moon takes a month to travel around the Earth. Depending on where it is on that journey, different amounts of sunlight are reflected off the moon’s surface. Sometimes it seems to disappear altogether. In reality, though, the moon is always there—we just can’t always see sunlight reflecting off it. From Earth, we only ever see the same side of the moon. Reflected light..

Where does planet Earth end? Planet Earth is protected by layers of gases called the atmosphere. At around 62 miles (100 km) above sea level, the Earth’s atmosphere ends and space begins. This is called the Karman line. Troposphere: 0–12 miles (0–20 km) This layer is where weather happens. It’s the only layer where we can naturally breathe. Stratosphere: 30–53 miles (50–85 km) The stratosphere i..

What’s inside a hurricane? Hurricanes are massive, swirling storms full of clouds, wind, and rain. Hurricanes form when thunderstorms meet over warm ocean waters. At the center of a hurricane is a calm area called the eye of the storm. Icy clouds Clouds overflow from the center to make a layer of thin, icy clouds on top. It moves in the opposite direction to the clouds underneath. Ocean waters H..

Where does wind come from? The sun heats up the surface of planet Earth. The land heats up faster than water so the air above land is warmer than the air above the sea. Warm air rises and cooler air sinks. This movement of air is called wind. Flow of air As the warm air rises, it starts to cool and form clouds, which move out to sea. Sinking air Cold, wet air sinks because it is heavier and clos..

Why is planet Earth blue? More than two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered in water, making our planet look blue from space. The huge oceans hide deep trenches, volcanoes, and mountain ranges. They are home to a great variety of living things. We have mapped more of the surface of Venus than we have the oceans of Earth. Oceans of the world There are five oceans on Earth. Smaller seas, gulf..

Where does rain come from? Water is constantly moving between the land, rivers, air, and the ocean in something called the water cycle. The sun’s heat drives the water cycle. It makes water from the oceans rise into the air and eventually fall as rain. 1. Evaporation When the sun heats up the water, it starts to evaporate. This means it changes from a liquid to a gas. The gas is called water vap..

Why does the ground shake? Huge pieces of rock called plates make up the surface of the Earth. These plates move around, and sometimes get stuck as they try to move past each other. When rock moves suddenly, the ground shakes, creating an earthquake. Earth’s plates move a few centimeters every year. This is the same speed fingernails grow. Fault lines Cracks along large areas of rock are called ..